Prescription Drugs

CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY Mechanism of Action The mechanism of action of ORACEA in the treatment of inflammatory lesions of rosacea is unknown. Pharmacokinetics ORACEA capsules are not bioequivalent to other doxycycline products. The pharmacokinetics of doxycycline following oral administration of ORACEA was investigated in 2 volunteer studies involving 61 adults. Pharmacokinetic parameters for ORACEA following single oral doses and at steady-state in healthy subjects are presented in Table 2. Table 2: Pharmacokinetic Parameters [Mean (±SD)] for ORACEA N Cmax* (ng/mL) Tmax+ (hr) AUC0-∞ * (ng•hr/mL) t½* (hr) Single Dose 40 mg capsules 30 510 ± 220.7 3.00 (1.0-4.1) 9227± 3212.8 21.2 ± 7.6 Steady-State# 40 mg capsules 31 600 ± 194.2 2.00 (1.0-4.0) 7543 ± 2443.9 23.2 ± 6.2 *Mean +Median #Day 7 Absorption In a single-dose food-effect study involving administration of ORACEA to healthy volunteers, concomitant administration with a 1000 calorie, high-fat, high-protein meal that included dairy products, resulted in a decrease in the rate and extent of absorption (Cmax and AUC) by about 45% and 22%, respectively, compared to dosing under fasted conditions. This decrease in systemic exposure can be clinically significant, and therefore if ORACEA is taken close to meal times, it is recommended that it be taken at least one hour prior to or two hours after meals. Distribution Doxycycline is greater than 90% bound to plasma proteins. Metabolism Major metabolites of doxycycline have not been identified. However, enzyme inducers such as barbiturates, carbamazepine, and phenytoin decrease the half-life of doxycycline. Excretion Doxycycline is excreted in the urine and feces as unchanged drug. It is reported that between 29% and 55.4% of an administered dose can be accounted for in the urine by 72 hours. Terminal half-life averaged 21.2 hours in subjects receiving a single dose of ORACEA. Special Populations Geriatric: Doxycycline pharmacokinetics have not been evaluated in geriatric patients. Pediatric: Doxycycline pharmacokinetics have not been evaluated in pediatric patients [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS]. Gender: The pharmacokinetics of ORACEA were compared in 16 male and 14 female subjects under fed and fasted conditions. While female subjects had a higher Cmax and AUC than male subjects, these differences were thought to be due to differences in body weight/lean body mass. Race: Differences in doxycycline pharmacokinetics among racial groups have not been evaluated. Renal Insufficiency: Studies have shown no significant difference in serum half-life of doxycycline in patients with normal and severely impaired renal function. Hemodialysis does not alter the serum half-life of doxycycline. Hepatic Insufficiency: Doxycycline pharmacokinetics have not been evaluated in patients with hepatic insufficiency. Gastric Insufficiency: In a study in healthy volunteers (N=24) the bioavailability of doxycycline is reported to be reduced at high pH. This reduced bioavailability may be clinically significant in patients with gastrectomy, gastric bypass surgery or who are otherwise deemed achlorhydric. Drug Interactions [see DRUG INTERACTIONS]. Microbiology Doxycycline is a member of the tetracycline-class of drugs. The plasma concentrations of doxycycline achieved with ORACEA during administration [see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY and DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION] are less than the concentration required to treat bacterial diseases. ORACEA should not be used for treating bacterial infections, providing antibacterial prophylaxis, or reducing the numbers or eliminating microorganisms associated with any bacterial disease [see INDICATIONS AND USAGE]. In vivo microbiological studies utilizing a similar drug exposure for up to 18 months demonstrated no detectable long term effects on bacterial flora of the oral cavity, skin, intestinal tract and vagina. Clinical Studies The safety and efficacy of ORACEA in the treatment of only inflammatory lesions (papules and pustules) of rosacea was evaluated in two randomized, placebo-controlled, multi-centered, double-blind, 16-week Phase 3 trials involving 537 subjects (total of 269 subjects on ORACEA from the two trials) with rosacea (10 to 40 papules and pustules and two or fewer nodules). Pregnant and nursing women, subjects < 18 years of age, and subjects with ocular rosacea and/or blepharitis/meibomianitis who require ophthalmologic treatment were excluded from trial. Mean baseline lesion counts were 20 and 21 for ORACEA and placebo subject groups respectively. At Week 16, subjects in the ORACEA group were evaluated using co-primary endpoints of mean reduction in lesion counts and a dichotomized static Investigator's Global Assessment of Clear or Almost Clear (defined as 1 to 2 small papules or pustules) when compared to the placebo group in both Phase 3 trials. Table 3: Clinical Results of ORACEA versus Placebo Study 1 Study 2 ORACEA Placebo ORACEA Placebo 40 mg N=127 N=124 40 mg N=142 N=144 Mean Change in Lesion Count from Baseline -11.8 -5.9 -9.5 -4.3 No. (%) of Subjects Clear or Almost Clear in the IGA* 39 (30.7%) 24 (19.4%) 21 (14.8%) 9 (6.3%) *Investigator's Global Assessment Subjects treated with ORACEA did not demonstrate significant improvement in erythema when compared to those treated with placebo.

CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY Tetracyclines are readily absorbed and are bound to plasma proteins in varying degrees. They are concentrated by the liver in the bile and excreted in the urine and feces at high concentrations in a biologically active form. Doxycycline is virtually completely absorbed after oral administration. Following a 200 mg dose of doxycycline monohydrate, 24 normal adult volunteers averaged the following serum concentration values: Time (hr): 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 3.0 4.0 8.0 12.0 24.0 48.0 72.0 Conc 1.02 2.26 2.67 3.01 3.16 3.03 2.03 1.62 0.95 0.37 0.15 (μg/mL) Average Observed Values Maximum Concentration 3.61 μg/mL (± 0.9 sd) Time of Maximum Concentration 2.60 hr (± 1.10 sd) Elimination Rate Constant 0.049 per hr (± 0.030 sd) Half-Life 16.33 hr (± 4.53 sd) Excretion of doxycycline by the kidney is about 40%/72 hours in individuals with normal function (creatinine clearance about 75 mL/min). This percentage excretion may fall as low as 1-5%/72 hours in individuals with severe renal insufficiency (creatinine clearance below 10 mL/min). Studies have shown no significant difference in serum half-life of doxycycline (range 18-22 hours) in individuals with normal and severely impaired renal function. Hemodialysis does not alter serum half-life. Microbiology Mechanism Of Action Doxycycline inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit. Doxycycline has bacteriostatic activity against a broad range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Resistance Cross resistance with other tetracyclines is common. Antimicrobial Activity Doxycycline has been shown to be active against most isolates of the following microorganisms, both in vitro and in clinical infections (see INDICATIONS AND USAGE). GramNegative Bacteria Acinetobacter species Bartonella bacilliformis Brucella species Campylobacter fetus Enterobacter aerogenes Escherichia coli Francisella tularensis Haemophilus ducreyi Haemophilus influenzae Klebsiella granulomatis Klebsiella species Neisseria gonorrhoeae Shigella species Vibrio cholerae Yersinia pestis Gram Positive Bacteria Bacillus anthracis Listeria monocytogenes Streptococcus pneumoniae Anaerobic Bacteria Clostridium species Fusobacterium fusiforme Propionibacterium acnes Other Bacteria Nocardiae and other Actinomyces species Borrelia recurrentis Chlamydophila psittaci Chlamydia trachomatis Mycoplasma pneumoniae Rickettsiae Treponema pallidum Treponema pallidum subspecies pertenue Ureaplasma urealyticum Parasites Balantidium coli Entamoeba species Susceptibility Testing Methods When available, the clinical microbiology laboratory should provide cumulative reports of in vitro susceptibility test results for antimicrobial drugs used in local hospitals and practice areas as periodic reports that describe the susceptibility profile of nosocomial and community-acquired pathogens. These reports should aid the physician in selecting the most effective antimicrobial. Dilution Techniques Quantitative methods are used to determine antimicrobial minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). These MICs provide estimates of the susceptibility of bacteria to antimicrobial compounds. The MICs should be determined using a standardized test method (broth and/or agar).1,2,4,6,7 The MIC values should be interpreted according to criteria provided in Table 1. Diffusion Techniques Quantitative methods that require measurement of zone diameters can also provide reproducible estimates of the susceptibility of bacteria to antimicrobial compounds. The zone size should be determined using a standardized test method.1,3,4 This procedure uses paper disks impregnated with 30 mcg doxycycline to test the susceptibility of microorganisms to doxycycline. The disk diffusion interpretive criteria are provided in Table 1. Anaerobic Techniques For anaerobic bacteria, the susceptibility to doxycycline can be determined by a standardized test method.1,5 The MIC values obtained should be interpreted according to the criteria provided in Table 1 Table 1: Susceptibility Test Interpretive Criteria for Doxycycline and Tetracycline Bacteria* Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (mcg per mL) Zone Diameter (mm) Agar Dilution (mcg per mL) S I R S I R S I R Acinetobacter spp. Doxycycline ≤4 8 ≥16 ≥13 10-12 ≤9 - - - Tetracycline ≤4 8 ≥16 ≥15 12-14 ≤11 - - - Anaerobes Tetracycline - - - - - - ≤4 8 ≥16 Bacillus anthracis† Doxycycline ≤1 - - - - - - - - Tetracycline ≤1 - - - - - - - - Brucella species† Doxycycline ≤1 - - - - - - - - Tetracycline ≤1 - - - - - - - - Enterobacteriaceae Doxycycline ≤4 8 ≥16 ≥14 11-13 ≤10 - - - Tetracycline ≤4 8 ≥16 ≥15 12-14 ≤11 - - - Franciscella tularensis† Doxycycline ≤4 - - - - - - - - Tetracycline ≤4 - - - - - - - - Haemophilus influenzae Tetracycline ≤2 4 ≥8 ≥29 26-28 ≤25 - - - Mycoplasma pneumoniae† Tetracycline - - - - - - ≤2 - - Neisseria gonorrhoeae‡ Tetracycline - - - ≥38 31-37 ≤30 ≤0.25 0.5-1 ≥2 Norcardiae and other aerobic Actinomyces species† Doxycycline ≤1 2-4 ≥8 - - - - - - Streptococcus pneumoniae Doxycycline <0.25 0.5 ≥1 ≥28 25-27 <24 - - - Tetracycline ≤1 2 ≥4 ≥28 25-27 ≤24 Vibrio cholerae Doxycycline ≤4 8 ≥16 - - - - - - Tetracycline ≤4 8 ≥16 - - - - - - Yersinia pestis Doxycycline ≤4 8 ≥16 - - - - - - Tetracycline ≤4 8 ≥16 - - - - - - Ureaplasma urealyticum Tetracycline - - - - - - ≤1 - ≥2 * Organisms susceptible to tetracycline are also considered susceptible to doxycycline. However, some organisms that are intermediate or resistant to tetracycline may be susceptible to doxycycline. † The current absence of resistance isolates precludes defining any results other than "Susceptible". If isolates yielding MIC results other than susceptible, they should be submitted to a reference laboratory for further testing. ‡ Gonococci with 30 mcg tetracycline disk zone diameters of less than 19 mm usually indicate a plasmid-mediated tetracycline resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolate. Resistance in these strains should be confirmed by a dilution test (MIC ≥ 16 mcg per mL). A report of Susceptible (S) indicates that the antimicrobial is likely to inhibit growth of the microorganism if the antimicrobial drug reaches the concentration usually achievable at the site of infection. A report of Intermediate (I) indicates that the result should be considered equivocal, and, if the microorganism is not fully susceptible to alternative, clinically feasible drugs, the test should be repeated. This category implies possible clinical applicability in body sites where the drug product is physiologically concentrated or in situations where high dosage of drug can be used. This category also provides a buffer zone that prevents small uncontrolled technical factors from causing major discrepancies in interpretation. A report of Resistant (R) indicates that the antimicrobial drug is not likely to inhibit growth of the microorganism if the antimicrobial drug reaches the concentrations usually achievable at the infection site; other therapy should be selected. Quality Control Standardized susceptibility test procedures require the use of laboratory controls to monitor and ensure the accuracy and precision of the supplies and reagents used in the assay, and the techniques of the individuals performing the test.1,2,3,4,5,6,7 Standard doxycycline and tetracycline powders should provide the following range of MIC values noted in Table 2. For the diffusion technique using the 30 mcg doxycycline disk or 30 mcg tetracycline disk, the criteria noted in should be achieved. Table 2: Acceptable Quality Control Ranges for Susceptibility Testing for Doxycycline and Tetracycline QC Strain Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (mcg per mL) Zone Diameter (mm) Agar Dilution (mcg per mL) Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 Doxycycline 2 – 8 - - Tetracycline 8 – 32 - - Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 Doxycycline 0.5 – 2 18 -24 - Tetracycline 0.5 – 2 18 -25 - Eggerthella lenta ATCC 43055 Doxycycline 2-16 Haemophilus influenzae ATCC 49247 Tetracycline 4 – 32 14 -22 - Neisseria gonorrhoeae ATCC 49226 Tetracycline - 30 -42 0.25 -1 Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 Doxycycline - 23 -29 - Tetracycline - 24 -30 - Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 Doxycycline 0.12 -0.5 - - Tetracycline 0.12 – 1 - - Streptococcus pneumoniae ATCC 49619 Doxycycline 0.015 -0.12 25 -34 - Tetracycline 0.06 -0.5 27 -31 - Bacteroides fragilis ATCC 25285 Tetracycline - - 0.125 -0.5 Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron ATCC 29741 Doxycycline 2-8 Tetracycline - - 8 -32 Mycoplasma pneumoniae ATCC 29342 Tetracycline 0.06 -0.5 - 0.06 -0.5 Ureaplasma urealyticum ATCC 33175 Tetracycline - - ≥8 *ATCC is the American Type Culture Collection Animal Pharmacology And Toxicology Hyperpigmentation of the thyroid has been produced by members of the tetracycline class in the following species: in rats by oxytetracycline, doxycycline, tetracycline PO4, and methacycline; in minipigs by doxycycline, minocycline, tetracycline PO4, and methacycline; in dogs by doxycycline and minocycline; in monkeys by minocycline. Minocycline, tetracycline PO4, methacycline, doxycycline, tetracycline base, oxytetracycline HCl and tetracycline HCl were goitrogenic in rats fed a low iodine diet. This goitrogenic effect was accompanied by high radioactive iodine uptake. Administration of minocycline also produced a large goiter with high radioiodine uptake in rats fed a relatively high iodine diet. Treatment of various animal species with this class of drugs has also resulted in the induction of thyroid hyperplasia in the following: in rats and dogs (minocycline), in chickens (chlortetracycline) and in rats and mice (oxytetracycline). Adrenal gland hyperplasia has been observed in goats and rats treated with oxytetracycline. REFERENCES 1. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing; Twenty-seventh Informational Supplement, CLSI document M100-S27 [2017]. CLSI document M100S23, Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute, 950 West Valley Road, Suite 2500, Wayne Pennsylvania 19087, USA. 2. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Methods for Dilution Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests for Bacteria that Grow Aerobically; Approved Standard – Tenth Edition. CLSI document M07-A10 [2015], Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute, 950 West Valley Road, Suite 2500, Wayne Pennsylvania 19087, USA,. 3. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Disk Diffusion Susceptibility Tests; Approved Standard – Twelfth Edition. CLSI document M02-A12 [2015], Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute, 950 West Valley Road, Suite 2500, Wayne Pennsylvania 19087, USA. 4. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Methods for Antimicrobial Dilution and Disk Susceptibility Testing of Infrequently Isolated or Fastidious Bacteria; Approved Guideline – Third Edition. CLSI document M45-A3 [2015], Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute, 950 West Valley Road, Suite 2500, Wayne Pennsylvania 19087, USA,. 5. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Methods for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing of Anaerobic Bacteria; Approved Standard – Eighth Edition. CLSI document M11-A8 [2012], Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute, 950 West Valley Road, Suite 2500, Wayne Pennsylvania 19087, USA,. 6. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Methods for Mycobacteria, Nocardiae, and Other Aerobic Actinomycetes; Approved Standard – Second Edition. CLSI document M24-A2 [2011], Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute, 950 West Valley Road, Suite 2500, Wayne Pennsylvania 19087, USA,. 7. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Methods for Antimicrobial Suscepti bility Testing for Human Mycoplasmas; Approved Guideline. CLSI document M43-A [2011], Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute, 950 West Valley Road, Suite 2500, Wayne Pennsylvania 19087, USA.

Find Lowest Prices on ORACEA (doxycycline) Capsules for Oral Use DESCRIPTION ORACEA (doxycycline, USP) Capsules 40 mg are hard gelatin capsule shells filled with two types of doxycycline beads (30 mg immediate release and 10 mg delayed release) that together provide a dose of 40 mg of anhydrous doxycycline (C22H24N2O8). The structural formula of doxycycline, USP is: with an empirical formula of C22H24N2O8•H2O and a molecular weight of 462.46. The chemical designation for doxycycline is 2-Naphthacenecarboxamide,4-(dimethylamino)-1,4,4a,5,5a,6,11,12a-octahydro-3,5,10,12,12a-pentahydroxy-6-methyl-1,11-dioxo-, [4S-(4α, 4aα, 5α, 5aα, 6α,12aα)]-, monohydrate. It is very slightly soluble in water. Inert ingredients in the formulation are: hypromellose, iron oxide red, iron oxide yellow, methacrylic acid copolymer, polyethylene glycol, Polysorbate 80, sugar spheres, talc, titanium dioxide, and triethyl citrate. Active ingredients: Each capsule contains doxycycline, USP in an amount equivalent to 40 mg of anhydrous doxycycline.

Find Lowest Prices on Monodox® (doxycycline monohydrate) Capsules DESCRIPTION Doxycycline is a broad-spectrum antibacterial synthetically derived from oxytetracycline. Monodox 100 mg, 75 mg, and 50 mg capsules contain doxycycline monohydrate equivalent to 100 mg, 75 mg, or 50 mg of doxycycline for oral administration. The chemical designation of the light-yellow crystalline powder is alpha-6-deoxy-5-oxytetracycline. Structural formula: Doxycycline has a high degree of lipid solubility and a low affinity for calcium binding. It is highly stable in normal human serum. Doxycycline will not degrade into an epianhydro form. Inert ingredients: colloidal silicon dioxide; magnesium stearate; microcrystalline cellulose; sodium starch glycolate; and a hard gelatin capsule which contains black iron oxide, red iron oxide, titanium dioxide, and yellow iron oxide for the 100 mg and 7 5 mg strengths, titanium dioxide and yellow iron oxide for the 50 mg strength. The capsules are printed with edible ink containing black iron oxide, red iron oxide, and yellow iron oxide for the 50 mg and 100 mg strengths and black iron oxide, FD&C Blue No. 2, FD&C Red No. 40, FD&C Blue No. 1, and D&C Yellow No. 10 for the 75 mg strength.

INDICATIONS Indication ORACEA is indicated for the treatment of only inflammatory lesions (papules and pustules) of rosacea in adult patients. No meaningful effect was demonstrated for generalized erythema (redness) of rosacea. Limitations of Use This formulation of doxycycline has not been evaluated in the treatment or prevention of infections. ORACEA should not be used for treating bacterial infections, providing antibacterial prophylaxis, or reducing the numbers or eliminating microorganisms associated with any bacterial disease. To reduce the development of drug-resistant bacteria as well as to maintain the effectiveness of other antibacterial drugs, ORACEA should be used only as indicated. Efficacy of ORACEA beyond 16 weeks and safety beyond 9 months have not been established. ORACEA has not been evaluated for the treatment of the erythematous, telangiectatic, or ocular components of rosacea. DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION General Dosing Information One ORACEA Capsule (40 mg) should be taken once daily in the morning on an empty stomach, preferably at least one hour prior to or two hours after meals. Administration of adequate amounts of fluid along with the capsules is recommended to wash down the capsule to reduce the risk of esophageal irritation and ulceration [see ADVERSE REACTIONS]. Important Considerations for Dosing Regimen The dosage of ORACEA differs from that of doxycycline used to treat infections. Exceeding the recommended dosage may result in an increased incidence of side effects including the development of resistant organisms. HOW SUPPLIED Dosage Forms And Strengths 40 mg beige opaque capsule imprinted with “GLD 40” Storage And Handling ORACEA (beige opaque capsule imprinted with “GLD 40”) containing doxycycline, USP in an amount equivalent to 40 mg of anhydrous doxycycline. Bottle of 30 (NDC 0299-3822-30). Storage All products are to be stored at controlled room temperatures of 15°C - 30°C (59°F - 86°F) and dispensed in tight, light-resistant containers (USP). Keep out of reach of children Revised: 07/2013. Marketed by: Galderma Laboratories, L.P. Fort Worth, Texas 76177 USA. Manufactured by: Catalent Pharma Solutions, LLC Winchester, Kentucky 40391 USA. Revised: 07/2013

INDICATIONS To reduce the development of drug-resistant bacteria and maintain effectiveness of Monodox and other antibacterial drugs, Monodox should be used only to treat or prevent infections that are proven or strongly suspected to be caused by susceptible bacteria. When culture and susceptibility information are available, they should be considered in selecting or modifying antibacterial therapy. In the absence of such data, local epidemiology and susceptibility patterns may contribute to the empi ric selection of therapy. Doxycycline is indicated for the treatment of the following infections: Rocky Mountain spotted fever, typhus fever and the typhus group, Q fever, rickettsialpox, and tick fevers caused by Rickettsiae. Respiratory tract infections caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Lymphogranuloma venereum caused by Chlamydia trachomatis. Psittacosis (ornithosis) caused by Chlamydophila psittaci. Trachoma caused by Chlamydia trachomatis, although the infectious agent is not always eliminated as judged by immunofluorescence. Inclusion conjunctivitis caused by Chlamydia trachomatis. Uncomplicated urethral, endocervical or rectal infections in adults caused by Chlamydia trachomatis. Nongonococcal urethritis caused by Ureaplasma urealyticum. Relapsing fever due to Borrelia recurrentis. Doxycycline is also indicated for the treatment of infections caused by the following gram-negative microorganisms: Chancroid caused by Haemophilus ducreyi. Plague due to Yersinia pestis. Tularemia due to Francisella tularensis. Cholera caused by Vibrio cholerae. Campylobacter fetus infections caused by Campylobacter fetus. Brucellosis due to Brucella species (in conjunction with streptomycin). Bartonellosis due to Bartonella bacilliformis. Granuloma inguinale caused by Klebsiella granulomatis. Because many strains of the following groups of microorganisms have been shown to be resistant to doxycycline, culture and susceptibility testing are recommended. Doxycycline is indicated for treatment of infections caused by the following gram-negative microorganisms, when bacteriologic testing indicates appropriate susceptibility to the drug: Escherichia coli Enterobacter aerogenes Shigella species Acinetobacter species Respiratory tract infections caused by Haemophilus influenzae. Respiratory tract and urinary tract infections caused by Klebsiella species. Doxycycline is indicated for treatment of infections caused by the following gram-positive microorganisms when bacteriologic testing indicates appropriate susceptibility to the drug: Upper respiratory infections caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae. Anthrax due to Bacillus anthracis, including inhalational anthrax (post-exposure): to reduce the incidence or progression of disease following exposure to aerosolized Bacillus anthracis. When penicillin is contraindicated, doxycycline is an alternative drug in the treatment of the following infections: Uncomplicated gonorrhea caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Syphilis caused by Treponema pallidum. Yaws caused by Treponema pallidum subspecies pertenue. Listeriosis due to Listeria monocytogenes. Vincent’s infection caused by Fusobacterium fusiforme. Actinomycosis caused by Actinomyces israelii. Infections caused by Clostridium species. In acute intestinal amebiasis, doxycycline may be a useful adjunct to amebicides. In severe acne, doxycycline may be useful adjunctive therapy. DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION THE USUAL DOSAGE AND FREQUENCY OF ADMINISTRATION OF DOXYCYCLINE DIFFERS FROM THAT OF THE OTHER TETRACYCLINES. EXCEEDING THE RECOMMENDED DOSAGE MAY RESULT IN AN INCREASED INCIDENCE OF SIDE EFFECTS. Adults The usual dose of oral doxycycline is 200 mg on the first day of treatment (administered 100 mg every 12 hour s or 50 mg every 6 hours) followed by a maintenance dose of 100 mg/day. The maintenance dose may be administered as a single dose or as 50 mg every 12 hours. In the management of more severe infections (particularly chronic infections of the urinary tract ), 100 mg every 12 hours is recommended. Pediatric Patients For all pediatric patients weighing less than 45 kg with severe or life-threatening infections (e.g. anthrax, Rocky Mountain spotted fever), the recommended dosage is 2.2 mg/kg of body weight administered every 12 hours. Children weighing 45 kg or more should receive the adult dose (see WARNINGS and PRECAUTIONS). For pediatric patients with less severe disease (greater than 8 years of age and weighing less than 45 kg), the recommended dosage schedule is 4.4 mg per kg of body weight divided into two doses on the first day of treatment, followed by a maintenance dose of 2.2 mg per kg of body weight (given as a single daily dose or divided into twice daily doses). For pediatric patient s weighing over 45 kg, the usual adult dose should be used. The therapeutic antibacterial serum activity will usually persist for 24 hours following recommended dosage. When used in streptococcal infections, therapy should be continued for 10 days. Administration of adequate amounts of fluid along with capsule and tablet forms of drugs in the tetracycline class is recommended to wash down the drugs and reduce the risk of esophageal irritation and ulceration. (See ADVERSE REACTIONS) If gastric irritation occurs, it is recommended that doxycycline be given with food or milk. The absorption of doxycycline is not markedly influenced by simultaneous ingestion of food or milk. Studies to date have indicated that administration of doxycycline at the usual recommended doses does not lead to excessive accumulation of doxycycline in patients with renal impairment. Uncomplicated gonococcal infections in adults (except anorectal infections in men): 100 mg, by mouth, twice a day for 7 days. As an alternate single visit dose, administer 300 mg stat followed in one hour by a second 300 mg dose. Acute epididymo-orchitis caused by N. gonorrhoeae: 100 mg, by mouth, twice a day for at least 10 days. Primary and secondary syphilis: 300 mg a day in divided doses for at least 10 days. Uncomplicated urethral, endocervical, or rectal infection in adults caused by Chlamydia trachomatis: 100 mg, by mouth, twice a day for at least 7 days. Nongonococcal urethritis caused by C. trachomatis and U. urealyticum: 100 mg, by mouth, twice a day for at least 7 days. Acute epididymo-orchitis caused by C. trachomatis: 100 mg, by mouth, twice a day for at least 10 days. Inhalational anthrax (post-exposure): ADULTS: 100 mg of doxycycline, by mouth, twice a day for 60 days. CHILDREN: weighing less than 45 kg 2.2 mg/kg of body weight, by mouth, twice a day for 60 days. Children weighing 45 kg or more should receive the adult dose. HOW SUPPLIED MONODOX® 50 mg Capsules have a white opaque body with a yellow opaque cap. The capsule bears the inscription “MONODOX 50” in brown and “M 260” in brown. Each capsule contains doxycycline monohydrate equivalent to 50 mg doxycycline. MONODOX® 50 mg is available in: Bottles of 100 capsules NDC 16110 -260-06 MONODOX® 75 mg Capsules have a white opaque body with a brown opaque cap. The capsule bears the inscription "MONODOX 75" in black and "M 075" in black. Each capsule contains doxycycline monohydrate equivalent to 75 mg doxycycline. MONODOX® 75 mg is available in: Bottles of 100 capsules NDC 16110 -075-01 MONODOX® 100 mg Capsules have a yellow opaque body with a brown opaque cap. The capsule bears the inscription “MONODOX 100” in white and “M 259” in brown. Each capsule contains doxycycline monohydrate equivalent to 100 mg of doxycycline. MONODOX® 100 mg is available in: Bottles of 50 capsules NDC 16110 -259-04 Bottles of 250 capsules NDC 16110 -259-07 STORE AT 20° -25°C (68° -77°F) WITH EXCURSIONS PERMITTED TO 15° C TO 30°C (59° TO 86°F). [SEE USP CONTROLLED ROOM TEMPERATURE.] DISPENSE IN A TIGHT LIGHT-RESISTANT CONTAINER AS DEFINED IN THE USP/NF. Manufactured by Watson Laboratories, Inc., Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314. Revised: Apr 2017

PATIENT INFORMATION ORACEA (Or-RAY-sha) (doxycycline) capsules Read this Patient Information before you start taking ORACEA and each time you get a refill. There may be new information. This information does not take the place of talking to your doctor about your medical condition or treatment. What is ORACEA? ORACEA is a tetracycline class medicine. ORACEA is a prescription medicine used in adults to treat only pimples or bumps (papules and pustules) caused by a condition called rosacea. ORACEA does not lessen redness caused by rosacea. ORACEA should not be used for the treatment or prevention of infections. It is not known if ORACEA is: effective for use for longer than 16 weeks. safe for use longer than 9 months. safe and effective in children. ORACEA should not be used in infants and children less than 8 years of age because it may cause stained teeth in infants and children. Who should not take ORACEA? Do not take ORACEA if you are allergic to doxycycline or other medicines in the tetracycline class. Ask your doctor or pharmacist for a list of these medicines if you are not sure. What should I tell my doctor before taking ORACEA? Before you take ORACEA tell your doctor if you: have kidney problems. have liver problems. have diarrhea or watery stools. have vision problems. have had surgery on your stomach (gastric surgery). have or had a yeast or fungal infection in your mouth or vagina. have any other medical condition. are pregnant or plan to become pregnant. ORACEA may harm your unborn baby. Taking ORACEA while you are pregnant may cause serious side effects on the growth of bone and teeth of your baby. Stop taking ORACEA and call your doctor right away if you become pregnant while taking ORACEA. are breastfeeding or plan to breastfeed. ORACEA can pass into your breast milk and may harm your baby. Talk to your doctor about the best way to feed your baby if you take ORACEA. You and your doctor should decide if you will take ORACEA or breastfeed. You should not do both. You should not take ORACEA if you are a male with a female sexual partner who plans to become pregnant at any time while you are being treated with ORACEA. Tell your doctor about all of the medicines you take, including prescription and non-prescription medicines, vitamins, and herbal supplements. ORACEA and other medicines can affect each other causing serious side effects. Especially tell your doctor if you take: birth control pills. ORACEA may reduce the effectiveness of birth control pills. Talk to your doctor about what types of birth control you can use to prevent pregnancy while taking ORACEA. a blood thinner medicine. a penicillin (antibacterial medicine). proton pump inhibitors or antacids that contain aluminum, calcium, or magnesium. products containing iron or bismuth subsalicylate. a medicine taken by mouth that contains isotretinoin or acitretin. a medicine to treat seizures, such as carbamazepineor or phenytoin. Ask your doctor or pharmacist for a full list of these medicines, if you are not sure. Know the medicines you take. Keep a list of your medicines and show it to your doctor and pharmacist when you get a new medicine. How should I take ORACEA? Take ORACEA exactly as prescribed by your doctor. Taking more than your prescribed dose may increase your chance of side effects, including the chance that bacteria will become resistant to ORACEA. Take ORACEA 1 time a day in the morning on an empty stomach. You should take ORACEA at least one hour before or two hours after a meal. Take ORACEA with enough fluid to completely swallow the capsule and to lower your risk of getting irritation or ulcer in your esophagus. Your esophagus is the tube that connects your mouth to your stomach. If you took too much ORACEA call your doctor right away. Your doctor may do blood tests during treatment with ORACEA to check for side effects. What should I avoid while taking ORACEA? Avoid sunlight or artificial sunlight, such as a tanning booth or sunlamp. You could get severe sunburn. Use sunscreen and wear clothes that cover your skin while out in sunlight. What are the possible side effects of ORACEA? ORACEA may cause serious side effects, including: Harm to an unborn baby. See “What should I tell my doctor before taking ORACEA?” Permanent teeth discoloration. ORACEA may permanently turn a baby or child's teeth yellow-grey-brown during tooth development. ORACEA should not be used during tooth development. Tooth development happens in the last half of pregnancy, and from birth to 8 years of age. See “What should I tell my doctor before taking ORACEA?” Intestine infection (pseudomembranous colitis). Pseudomembranous colitis can happen with most antibiotics, including ORACEA. Call your doctor right away if you get diarrhea or bloody stools. Immune system reactions including a lupus-like syndrome, hepatitis, and inflammation of blood or lymph vessels (vasculitis). Stop taking ORACEA and tell your doctor right away if you get joint pain, fever, rash, or body weakness. Discoloration (hyperpigmentation). ORACEA can cause darkening of your skin, scars, teeth, gums, nails, and whites of your eyes. Benign intracranial hypertension, also called pseudotumor cerebri. This is a condition where there is high pressure in the fluid around the brain. This swelling may lead to vision changes and permanent vision loss. Stop taking ORACEA and tell your doctor right away if you have blurred vision, vision loss, or unusual headaches. The most common side effects of ORACEA include: soreness in the nose and throat diarrhea sinus infection stomach (abdominal) bloating or pain fungus infection high blood pressure (hypertension) flu-like symptoms change in certain blood tests Tell your doctor if you have any side effect that bothers you or that does not go away. These are not all the possible side effects of ORACEA. For more information, ask your doctor or pharmacist. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088. You may also report side effects to Galderma Laboratories, L.P. at 1-866-735-4137 How should I store ORACEA? Store ORACEA at room temperature between 59°F to 86°F (15°C to 30°C). Keep ORACEA in a tightly closed container. Keep ORACEA inside container and out of light. Keep ORACEA and all medicine out of the reach of children. General information about ORACEA Medicines are sometimes prescribed for purposes other than those listed in a Patient Information leaflet. Do not take ORACEA for a condition for which it was not prescribed. Do not give ORACEA to other people, even if they have the same symptoms you have. It may harm them. This Patient Information leaflet summarizes the most important information about ORACEA. If you would like more information, talk with your doctor. You can also ask your doctor or pharmacist for information that is written for health professionals. What are the ingredients in ORACEA? Active ingredient: doxycycline Inactive ingredients: hypromellose, iron oxide red, iron oxide yellow, methacrylic acid copolymer, polyethylene glycol, Polysorbate 80, sugar spheres, talc, titanium dioxide, and triethyl citrate. This Patient Information has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.

PATIENT INFORMATION All patients taking doxycycline should be advised: to avoid excessive sunlight or artificial ultraviolet light while receiving doxycycline and to disco ntinue therapy if phototoxicity (e.g., skin eruptions, etc.) occurs. Sunscreen or sunblock should be considered. (See WARNINGS.) to drink fluids liberally along with doxycycline to reduce the risk of esophageal irritation and ulceration. (See ADVERSE REACTIONS.) that the absorption of tetracyclines is reduced when taken with foods, especially those which contain calcium. However, the absorption of doxycycline is not markedly influenced by simultaneous ingestion of food or milk. (See DRUG INTERACTIONS.) that the absorption of tetracyclines is reduced when taking bismuth subsalicylate. (See DRUG INTERACTIONS.) not to use outdated or poorly stored doxycycline. that the use of doxycycline might increase the incidence of vaginal candidiasis. Diarrhea is a common problem caused by antibiotics which usually ends when the antibiotic is discontinued. Sometimes after starting treatment with antibiotics, patients can develop watery and bloody stools (with or without stomach cramps and fever) even as late as two or more months after having taken the last dose of the antibiotic. If this occurs, patients should contact their physician as soon as possible. Patients should be counseled that antibacterial drugs including Monodox should only be used to treat bacterial infections. They do not treat viral infections (e.g., the common cold). When Monodox is prescribed to treat a bacterial infection, patients should be told that although it is common to feel better early in the course of therapy, the medication should be taken exactly as directed. Skipping doses or not completing the full course of therapy may (1) decrease the effectiveness of the immediate treatment and (2) increase the likelihood that bacteria will develop resistance and will not be treatable by Monodox or other antibacterial drugs in the future.

OVERDOSE In case of overdosage, discontinue medication, treat symptomatically, and institute supportive measures. Dialysis does not alter serum half-life and thus would not be of benefit in treating cases of overdose. CONTRAINDICATIONS This drug is contraindicated in persons who have shown hypersensitivity to doxycycline or any of the other tetracyclines.

OVERDOSE In case of overdosage, discontinue medication, treat symptomatically and institute supportive measures. Dialysis does not alter serum half-life, and it would not be of benefit in treating cases of overdosage. CONTRAINDICATIONS This drug is contraindicated in persons who have shown hypersensitivity to any of the tetracyclines.

SIDE EFFECTS Clinical Trials Experience Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice. Adverse Reactions in Clinical Trials of ORACEA In controlled clinical trials of adult subjects with mild to moderate rosacea, 537 subjects received ORACEA or placebo over a 16-week period. The following table summarizes selected adverse reactions that occurred in the clinical trials at a rate of ≥ 1% for the active arm: Table 1: Incidence (%) of Selected Adverse Reactions in Clinical Trials of ORACEA (n=269) vs. Placebo (n=268) ORACEA Placebo Nasopharyngitis 13 (5) 9 (3) Pharyngolaryngeal Pain 3 (1) 2 (1) Sinusitis 7 (3) 2 (1) Nasal Congestion 4 (2) 2 (1) Fungal Infection 5 (2) 1 (0) Influenza 5 (2) 3 (1) Diarrhea 12 (5) 7 (3) Abdominal Pain Upper 5 (2) 1 (0) Abdominal Distention 3 (1) 1 (0) Abdominal Pain 3 (1) 1 (0) Stomach Discomfort 3 (1) 2 (1) Dry Mouth 3 (1) 0 (0) Hypertension 8 (3) 2 (1) Blood Pressure Increase 4 (2) 1 (0) Aspartate Aminotransferase Increase 6 (2) 2 (1) Blood Lactate Dehydrogenase Increase 4 (2) 1 (0) Blood Glucose Increase 3 (1) 0 (0) Anxiety 4 (2) 0 (0) Pain 4 (2) 1 (0) Back Pain 3 (1) 0 (0) Sinus Headache 3 (1) 0 (0) Note: Percentages based on total number of study participants in each treatment group. Adverse Reactions for Tetracyclines The following adverse reactions have been observed in patients receiving tetracyclines at higher, antimicrobial doses: Gastrointestinal: anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, glossitis, dysphagia, enterocolitis, and inflammatory lesions (with vaginal candidiasis) in the anogenital region. Hepatotoxicity has been reported rarely. Rare instances of esophagitis and esophageal ulcerations have been reported in patients receiving the capsule forms of the drugs in the tetracycline-class. Most of the patients experiencing esophagitis and/or esophageal ulceration took their medication immediately before lying down [see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION]. Skin: maculopapular and erythematous rashes. Exfoliative dermatitis has been reported but is uncommon. Photosensitivity is discussed above [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS]. Renal toxicity: Rise in BUN has been reported and is apparently dose-related [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS]. Hypersensitivity reactions: urticaria, angioneurotic edema, anaphylaxis, anaphylactoid purpura, serum sickness, pericarditis, and exacerbation of systemic lupus erythematosus. Blood: Hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, and eosinophilia have been reported. Postmarketing Experience Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure. The following adverse reactions have been identified during post approval use of ORACEA. Nervous system: Pseudotumor cerebri (benign intracranial hypertension), headache. DRUG INTERACTIONS Anticoagulants Because tetracyclines have been shown to depress plasma prothrombin activity, patients who are on anticoagulant therapy may require downward adjustment of their anticoagulant dosage. Penicillin Since bacteriostatic drugs may interfere with the bactericidal action of penicillin, it is advisable to avoid giving tetracycline-class drugs in conjunction with penicillin. Methoxyflurane The concurrent use of tetracycline and methoxyflurane has been reported to result in fatal renal toxicity. Antacids and Iron Preparations Absorption of tetracyclines is impaired by bismuth subsalicylate, proton pump inhibitors, antacids containing aluminum, calcium or magnesium and iron-containing preparations. Low Dose Oral Contraceptives Doxycycline may interfere with the effectiveness of low dose oral contraceptives. To avoid contraceptive failure, females are advised to use a second form of contraceptive during treatment with doxycycline. Oral Retinoids There have been reports of pseudotumor cerebri (benign intracranial hypertension) associated with the concomitant use of isotretinoin and tetracyclines. Since both oral retinoids, including isotretinoin and acitretin, and the tetracyclines, primarily minocycline, can cause increased intracranial pressure, the concurrent use of an oral retinoid and a tetracycline should be avoided. Barbiturates and Anti-epileptics Barbiturates, carbamazepine, and phenytoin decrease the half-life of doxycycline. Drug/Laboratory Test Interactions False elevations of urinary catecholamine levels may occur due to interference with the fluorescence test.

SIDE EFFECTS Due to oral doxycycline’s virtually complete absorption, side effects to the lower bowel, particularly diarrhea, have been infrequent. The following adverse reactions have been observed in patients receiving tetracyclines. Gastrointestinal Anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, glossitis, dysphagia, enterocolitis, and inflammatory lesions (with monilial overgrowth) in the anogenital region, and pancreatitis. Hepatotoxicity has been reported. These reactions have been caused by both the oral and parenteral administration of tetracyclines. Rare instances of esophagitis and esophageal ulcerations have been reported in patients receiving capsule and tablet forms of drugs in the tetracycline class. Most of these patients took medications immediately before going to bed. (See DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION.) Skin Maculopapular and erythematous rashes, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, and erythema multiforme have been reported. Exfoliative dermatitis has been reported but is uncommon. Photosensitivity is discussed above. (See WARNINGS.) Renal Toxicity Rise in BUN has been reported and is apparently dose related. (See WARNINGS.) Hypersensitivity Reactions Urticaria, angioneurotic edema, anaphylaxis, anaphylactoid purpura, serum sickness, pericarditis, and exacerbation of systemic lupus erythematosus. Blood Hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, and eosinophilia have been reported with tetracyclines. Other Intracranial hypertension (IH, pseudotumor cerebri) has been associated with the use of tetracyclines. (See PRECAUTIONS - General.) When given over prolonged periods, tetracyclines have been reported to produce brown-black microscopic discoloration of the thyroid gland. No abnormalities of thyroid function are known to occur. DRUG INTERACTIONS Because tetracyclines have been shown to depress plasma prothrombin activity, patients who are on anticoagulant therapy may require downward adjustment of their anticoagulant dosage. Since bacteriostatic drugs may interfere with the bactericidal action of penicillin, it is advisable to avoid giving tetracyclines in conjunction with penicillin. Absorption of tetracyclines is impaired by antacids containing aluminum, calcium, or magnesium, and iron-containing preparations. Barbiturates, carbamazepine, and phenytoin decrease the half-life of doxycycline. The concurrent use of tetracycline and methoxyflurane has been reported to result in fatal renal toxicity. Concurrent use of tetracycline may render oral contraceptives less effective.

WARNINGS Included as part of the PRECAUTIONS section. PRECAUTIONS Teratogenic Effects ORACEA should not be used during pregnancy. Doxycycline, like other tetracycline-class antibiotics, can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. If any tetracycline is used during pregnancy or if the patient becomes pregnant while taking these drugs, the patient should be informed of the potential hazard to the fetus and treatment stopped immediately. The use of drugs of the tetracycline-class during tooth development (last half of pregnancy, infancy, and childhood up to the age of 8 years) may cause permanent discoloration of the teeth (yellow-gray-brown). This adverse reaction is more common during long-term use of the drug but has been observed following repeated short-term courses. Enamel hypoplasia has also been reported. Tetracycline drugs, therefore, should not be used during tooth development unless other drugs are not likely to be effective or are contraindicated. All tetracyclines form a stable calcium complex in any bone-forming tissue. A decrease in fibula growth rate has been observed in premature human infants given oral tetracycline in doses of 25 mg/kg every 6 hours. This reaction was shown to be reversible when the drug was discontinued. Results of animal studies indicate that tetracyclines cross the placenta, are found in fetal tissues, and can cause retardation of skeletal development on the developing fetus. Evidence of embryotoxicity has been noted in animals treated early in pregnancy. Pseudomembranous Colitis Clostridium difficile associated diarrhea (CDAD) has been reported with nearly all antibacterial agents, including doxycycline, and may range in severity from mild to fatal colitis. Treatment with antibacterial agents alters the normal flora of the colon leading to overgrowth of C. difficile. C. difficile produces toxins A and B which contribute to the development of CDAD. Hypertoxin producing strains of C. difficile cause increased morbidity and mortality, as these infections can be refractory to antimicrobial therapy and may require colectomy. CDAD must be considered in all patients who present with diarrhea following antibiotic use. Careful medical history is necessary since CDAD has been reported to occur over two months after the administration of antibacterial agents. If CDAD is suspected or confirmed, ongoing antibiotic use not directed against C. difficile may need to be discontinued. Appropriate fluid and electrolyte management, protein supplementation, antibiotic treatment of C. difficile, and surgical evaluation should be instituted as clinically indicated. Metabolic Effects The anti-anabolic action of the tetracyclines may cause an increase in BUN. While this is not a problem in those with normal renal function, in patients with significantly impaired function, higher serum levels of tetracycline-class antibiotics may lead to azotemia, hyperphosphatemia, and acidosis. If renal impairment exists, even usual oral or parenteral doses may lead to excessive systemic accumulations of the drug and possible liver toxicity. Under such conditions, lower than usual total doses are indicated, and if therapy is prolonged, serum level determinations of the drug may be advisable. Photosensitivity Photosensitivity manifested by an exaggerated sunburn reaction has been observed in some individuals taking tetracyclines. Although this was not observed during the duration of the clinical studies with ORACEA, patients should minimize or avoid exposure to natural or artificial sunlight (tanning beds or UVA/B treatment) while using ORACEA. If patients need to be outdoors while using ORACEA, they should wear loose-fitting clothes that protect skin from sun exposure and discuss other sun protection measures with their physician. Autoimmune Syndromes Tetracyclines have been associated with the development of autoimmune syndromes. Symptoms may be manifested by fever, rash, arthralgia, and malaise. In symptomatic patients, liver function tests, ANA, CBC, and other appropriate tests should be performed to evaluate the patients. Use of all tetracycline-class drugs should be discontinued immediately. Tissue Hyperpigmentation Tetracycline-class drugs are known to cause hyperpigmentation. Tetracycline therapy may induce hyperpigmentation in many organs, including nails, bone, skin, eyes, thyroid, visceral tissue, oral cavity (teeth, mucosa, alveolar bone), sclerae and heart valves. Skin and oral pigmentation has been reported to occur independently of time or amount of drug administration, whereas other pigmentation has been reported to occur upon prolonged administration. Skin pigmentation includes diffuse pigmentation as well as over sites of scars or injury. Pseudotumor cerebri Pseudotumor cerebri (benign intracranial hypertension) in adults has been associated with the use of tetracyclines. The usual clinical manifestations are headache and blurred vision. Bulging fontanels have been associated with the use of tetracyclines in infants. While both of these conditions and related symptoms usually resolve after discontinuation of the tetracycline, the possibility for permanent sequelae exists. Patients should be questioned for visual disturbances prior to initiation of treatment with tetracyclines and should be routinely checked for papiledema while on treatment. Development of Drug Resistant Bacteria Bacterial resistance to tetracyclines may develop in patients using ORACEA. Because of the potential for drug-resistant bacteria to develop during the use of ORACEA, it should only be used as indicated. Superinfection As with other antibiotic preparations, use of ORACEA may result in overgrowth of non-susceptible microorganisms, including fungi. If superinfection occurs, ORACEA should be discontinued and appropriate therapy instituted. Although not observed in clinical trials with ORACEA, the use of tetracyclines may increase the incidence of vaginal candidiasis. ORACEA should be used with caution in patients with a history of or predisposition to Candida overgrowth. Laboratory Monitoring Periodic laboratory evaluations of organ systems, including hematopoietic, renal and hepatic studies should be performed. Appropriate tests for autoimmune syndromes should be performed as indicated. Patient Counseling Information See FDA-approved patient labeling (PATIENT INFORMATION) Patients taking ORACEA Capsules 40 mg should receive the following information and instructions: It is recommended that ORACEA not be used by individuals of either gender who are attempting to conceive a child It is recommended that ORACEA not be used by pregnant or breast feeding women Patients should be advised that pseudomembranous colitis can occur with doxycycline therapy. If patients develop watery or bloody stools, they should seek medical attention. Patients should be advised that pseudotumor cerebri can occur with doxycycline therapy. If patients experience headache or blurred vision they should seek medical attention. Photosensitivity manifested by an exaggerated sunburn reaction has been observed in some individuals taking tetracyclines, including doxycycline. Patients should minimize or avoid exposure to natural or artificial sunlight (tanning beds or UVA/B treatment) while using doxycycline. If patients need to be outdoors while using doxycycline, they should wear loose-fitting clothes that protect skin from sun exposure and discuss other sun protection measures with their physician. Treatment should be discontinued at the first evidence of sunburn. Concurrent use of doxycycline may render oral contraceptives less effective. Autoimmune syndromes, including drug-induced lupus-like syndrome, autoimmune hepatitis, vasculitis and serum sickness have been observed with tetracycline-class drugs, including doxycycline. Symptoms may be manifested by arthralgia, fever, rash and malaise. Patients who experience such symptoms should be cautioned to stop the drug immediately and seek medical help. Patients should be counseled about discoloration of skin, scars, teeth or gums that can arise from doxycycline therapy. Take ORACEA exactly as directed. Increasing doses beyond 40 mg every morning may increase the likelihood that bacteria will develop resistance and will not be treatable by other antibacterial drugs in the future. Nonclinical Toxicology Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility Doxycycline was assessed for potential to induce carcinogenesis in a study in which the compound was administered to Sprague-Dawley rats by gavage at dosages of 20, 75, and 200 mg/kg/day for two years. An increased incidence of uterine polyps was observed in female rats that received 200 mg/kg/day, a dosage that resulted in a systemic exposure to doxycycline approximately 12.2 times that observed in female humans who use ORACEA [exposure comparison based upon area under the curve (AUC) values]. No impact upon tumor incidence was observed in male rats up to at 200 mg/kg/day, or in females at the lower dosages studied. Doxycyline was assessed for potential to induce carcinogenesis in CD-1 mice by gavage at dosages 20, 75, and 150 mg/kg/day in males and at dosages of 20, 100, and 300 mg/kg/day in females. No impact upon tumor incidence was observed in male and female mice at systemic exposures approximately 4.2 and 8.3 times that observed in humans, respectively. Doxycycline demonstrated no potential to cause genetic toxicity in an in vitro point mutation study with mammalian cells (CHO/HGPRT forward mutation assay) or in an in vivo micronucleus assay conducted in CD-1 mice. However, data from an in vitro mammalian chromosomal aberration assay conducted with CHO cells suggest that doxycycline is a weak clastogen. Oral administration of doxycycline to male and female Sprague-Dawley rats adversely affected fertility and reproductive performance, as evidenced by increased time for mating to occur, reduced sperm motility, velocity, and concentration, abnormal sperm morphology, and increased pre-and post-implantation losses. Doxycycline induced reproductive toxicity at all dosages that were examined in this study, as even the lowest dosage tested (50 mg/kg/day) induced a statistically significant reduction in sperm velocity. Note that 50 mg/kg/day is approximately 3.6 times the amount of doxycycline contained in the recommended daily dose of ORACEA when compared on the basis of AUC estimates. Although doxycycline impairs the fertility of rats when administered at sufficient dosage, the effect of ORACEA on human fertility is unknown. Use In Specific Populations Pregnancy Teratogenic Effects Pregnancy Category D [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS]. Results from animal studies indicate that doxycycline crosses the placenta and is found in fetal tissues. Nursing Mothers Tetracyclines are excreted in human milk. Because of the potential for serious adverse reactions in infants from doxycycline, ORACEA should not be used in mothers who breastfeed. Pediatric Use ORACEA should not be used in infants and children less than 8 years of age [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS]. ORACEA has not been studied in children of any age with regard to safety or efficacy, therefore use in children is not recommended. Geriatric Use Clinical studies of ORACEA did not include sufficient numbers of subjects aged 65 and over to determine whether they respond differently from younger subjects. Other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between elderly and younger patients. In general, dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious, usually starting at the low end of the dosing range, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function, and concomitant disease or other drug therapy.

WARNINGS The use of drugs of the tetracycline class, including doxycycline, during tooth development (last half of pregnancy, infancy and childhood to the age of 8 years) may cause permanent discoloration of the teeth (yellow-gray-brown). This adverse reaction is more common during long-term use of the drugs, but it has been observed following repeated short-term courses. Enamel hypoplasia has also been reported. Use of doxycycline in pediatric patients 8 years of age or less only when the potential benefits are expected to outweigh the risks in severe or life-threatening conditions (e.g. anthrax, Rocky Mountain spotted fever), particularly when there are no alternative therapies. Clostridium difficile associated diarrhea (CDAD) has been reported with use of nearly all antibacterial agents, including Monodox, and may range in severity from mild diarrhea to fatal colitis. Treatment with antibacterial agents alters the normal flora of the colon leading to overgrowth of C. difficile. C. difficile produces toxins A and B which contribute to the development of CDAD. Hypertoxin producing strains of C. difficile cause increased morbidity and mortality, as these infections can be refractory to antimicrobial therapy and may require colectomy. CDAD must be considered in all patients who present with diarrhea following antibiotic use. Careful medical history is necessary since CDAD has been reported to occur over two months after the administration of antibacterial agents. If CDAD is suspected or confirmed, ongoing antibiotic use not directed against C. difficile may need to be discontinued. Appropriate fluid and electrolyte management, protein supplementation, antibiotic treatment of C. difficile, and surgical evaluation should be instituted as clinically indicated. Intracranial hypertension (IH, pseudotumor cerebri) has been associated with the use of tetracyclines including Monodox. Clinical manifestations of IH include headache, blurred vision, diplopia, and vision loss; papilledema can be found on fundoscopy. Women of childbearing age who are overweight or have a history of IH are at greater risk for developing tetracycline associated IH. Concomitant use of isotretinoin and Monodox should be avoided because isotretinoin is also known to cause pseudotumor cerebri. Although IH typically resolves after discontinuation of treatment, the possibility for permanent visual loss exists. If visual disturbance occurs during treatment, prompt ophthalmologic evaluation is warranted. Since intracranial pressure can remain elevated for weeks after drug cessation patients should be monitored until they stabilize. All tetracyclines form a stable calcium complex in any bone-forming tissue. A decrease in the fibula growth rate has been observed in prematures given oral tetracycline in doses of 25 mg/kg every six hours. This reaction was shown to be reversible when the drug was discontinued. Results of animal studies indicate that tetracyclines cross the placenta, are found in fetal tissues, and can have toxic effe cts on the developing fetus (often related to retardation of skeletal development). Evidence of embryo toxicity has been no ted in animals treated early in pregnancy. If any tetracycline is used during pregnancy or if the patient becomes pregnant while taking these drugs, the patient should be apprised of the potential hazard to the fetus. The antianabolic action of the tetracyclines may cause an increase in BUN. Studies to date indicate that this does not occur with the use of doxycycline in patients with impaired renal function. Photosensitivity manifested by an exaggerated sunburn reaction has been observed in some individuals taking tetracyclines. Patients apt to be exposed to direct sunlight or ultraviolet light should be advised that this reaction can occur with tetrac ycline drugs, and treatment should be discontinued at the first evidence of skin erythema. PRECAUTIONS General As with other antibacterial preparations, use of this drug may result in overgrowth of non-susceptible organisms, including fungi. If superinfection occurs, Monodox should be discontinued and appropriate therapy instituted. Incision and drainage or other surgical procedures should be performed in conjunction with antibacterial therapy when indicated. Prescribing Monodox in the absence of proven or strongly suspected bacterial infection or a prophylactic indication is unlikely to provide benefit to the patient and increases the risk of the development of drug-resistant bacteria. Laboratory Tests In venereal disease when coexistent syphilis is suspected, a dark-field examination should be done before treatment is started and the blood serology repeated monthly for at least four months. In long-term therapy, periodic laboratory evaluations of organ systems, including he matopoietic, renal, and hepatic studies should be performed. Drug/Laboratory Test Interactions False elevations of urinary catecholamine levels may occur due to interference with the fluorescence test. Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment Of Fertility Long-term studies in animals to evaluate the carcinogenic potential of doxycycline have not been conducted. However, there has been evidence of oncogenic activity in rats in studies with related antibacterial, oxytetracycline (adrenal and pituitary tumors) and minocycline (thyroid tumors). Likewise, although mutagenicity studies of doxycycline have not been conducted, positive results in in vitro mammalian cell assays have been reported for related antibacterial (tetracycline, oxytetracycline). Doxycycline administered orally at dosage levels as high as 250 mg/kg/day had no apparent effect on the fertility of female rats. Effect on male fertility has not been studied. Pregnancy Teratogenic Effects. Pregnancy Category D: There are no adequate and well-controlled studies on the use of doxycycline in pregnant short-term, first trimester exposure. There are no human data available to assess the effects of long-term therapy of doxycycline in pregnant women such as that proposed for treatment of anthrax exposure. An expert review of published data on experiences with doxycycline use during pregnancy by TERIS -the Teratogen Information System -concluded that therapeutic doses during pregnancy are unlikely to pose a substantial teratogenic risk (the quantity and quality of data were assessed as limited to fair), but the data are insufficient to state that there is no risk.8 A case-control study (18,515 mothers of infants with congenital anomalies and 32,804 mothers of infants with no congenital anomalies) shows a weak but marginally statistically significant association with total malformations and use of doxycycline anytime during pregnancy. (Sixty-three [0.19%] of the controls and 56 [0.30%] of the cases were treated with doxycycline.) This association was not seen when the analysis was confined to maternal treatment during the period of organogenesis (i.e., in the second and third months of gestation) with the exception of a marginal relationship with neural tube defect based on only two exposed cases.9 A small prospective study of 81 pregnancies describes 43 pregnant women treated for 10 days with doxycycline during early first trimester. All mothers reported their exposed infants were normal at 1 year of age. 10 Labor And Delivery The effect of tetracyclines on labor and delivery is unknown. Nursing Mothers Tetracyclines are excreted in human milk, however, the extent of absorption of tetracyclines, including doxycycline, by the breastfed infant is not known. Short-term use by lactating women is not necessarily contraindicated; however, the effects of prolonged exposure to doxycycline in breast milk are unknown.11 Because of the potential for adverse reactions in nursing infants from doxycycline, a decision should be made whether to discontinue nursing or to discontinue the drug, taking into account the importance of the drug to the mother. (See WARNINGS.) Pediatric Use Because of the effects of drugs of the tetracycline –class, on tooth development and growth, use doxycycline in pediatric patients 8 years of age or less only when the potential benefits are expected to outweigh the risks in severe or life-threatening conditions (e.g. anthrax, Rocky Mountain spotted fever), particularly when t here are no alternative therapies. (see WARNINGS and DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION). REFERENCES 8. Friedman JM and Polifka JE. Teratogenic Effects of Drugs. A Resource for Clinicians (TERIS). Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 2000: 149-195. 9. Cziezel AE and Rockenbauer M. Teratogenic study of doxycycline. Obstet Gynecol 1997; 89:524-528. 10. Horne HW Jr. and Kundsin RB. The role of mycoplasma among 81 consecutive pregnancies: a prospective study. Int J Fertil 1980; 25:315-317. 11. Hale T. Medications and Mothers Milk. 9th edition. Amarillo, TX: Pharmasoft Publishing 2000; 225-226.