Prescription Drugs

CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY Actions Glycopyrrolate, like other anticholinergic (antimuscarinic) agents, inhibits the action of acetylcholine on structures innervated by postganglionic cholinergic nerves and on smooth muscles that respond to acetylcholine but lack cholinergic innervation. These peripheral cholinergic receptors are present in the autonomic effector cells of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, the sino-atrial node, the atrioventricular node, exocrine glands, and, to a limited degree, in the autonomic ganglia. Thus, it diminishes the volume and free acidity of gastric secretions and controls excessive pharyngeal, tracheal, and bronchial secretions. Glycopyrrolate antagonizes muscarinic symptoms (e.g., bronchorrhea, bronchospasm, bradycardia, and intestinal hypermotility) induced by cholinergic drugs such as the anticholinesterases. The highly polar quaternary ammonium group of glycopyrrolate limits its passage across lipid membranes, such as the blood-brain barrier, in contrast to atropine sulfate and scopolamine hydrobromide, which are non-polar tertiary amines which penetrate lipid barriers easily.

ROBINUL® (glycopyrrolate) Tablets ROBINUL FORTE® (glycopyrrolate) Tablets DESCRIPTION Robinul® and Robinul® Forte tablets contain the synthetic anticholinergic, glycopyrrolate. Glycopyrrolate is a quaternary ammonium compound with the following chemical name: 3- [(cyclopentylhydroxyphenylacetyl)oxy]-1, 1-dimethylpyrrolidinium bromide. Robinul tablets are scored, compressed white tablets engraved HPC 200. Each tablet contains: Glycopyrrolate, USP 1 mg Robinul Forte tablets are scored, compressed white tablets engraved HORIZON 205. Each tablet contains: Glycopyrrolate, USP 2 mg Inactive Ingredients Dibasic Calcium Phosphate, Lactose, Magnesium Stearate, Povidone, Sodium Starch Glycolate

INDICATIONS For use as adjunctive therapy in the treatment of peptic ulcer. DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION The dosage of Robinul® or Robinul® Forte should be adjusted to the needs of the individual patient to assure symptomatic control with a minimum of adverse reactions. The presently recommended maximum daily dosage of glycopyrrolate is 8 mg. Robinul (glycopyrrolate, 1 mg) tablets. The recommended initial dosage of Robinul for adults is one tablet three times daily (in the morning, early afternoon, and at bedtime). Some patients may require two tablets at bedtime to assure overnight control of symptoms. For maintenance, a dosage of one tablet twice a day is frequently adequate. Robinul Forte (glycopyrrolate, 2 mg) tablets. The recommended dosage of Robinul Forte for adults is one tablet two or three times daily at equally spaced intervals. Robinul tablets are not recommended for use in pediatric patients under the age of 12 years. HOW SUPPLIED Robinul® (glycopyrrolate, 1 mg) tablets in bottles of 100 (NDC 59630-200-10). Robinul® Forte (glycopyrrolate, 2 mg) tablets in bottles of 100 (NDC 59630-205-10). Store at controlled room temperature, 20°C to 25°C (68°F to 77°F); excursions permitted to 15°- 30°C (59°-86°F)[see USP Controlled Room Temperature]. Keep out of reach of children. Dispense in tight container Manufactured by: MIKART, INC. Atlanta, GA 30318. Revised: Dec 2011

PATIENT INFORMATION No information provided. Please refer to the WARNINGS and PRECAUTIONS sections.

OVERDOSE The symptoms of overdosage of glycopyrrolate are peripheral in nature rather than central. To guard against further absorption of the drug–use gastric lavage, cathartics and/or enemas. To combat peripheral anticholinergic effects (residual mydriasis, dry mouth, etc.)–utilize a quaternary ammonium anticholinesterase, such as neostigmine methylsulfate. To combat hypotension–use pressor amines (norepinephrine, metaraminol) i.v.; and supportive care. To combat respiratory depression–administer oxygen; utilize a respiratory stimulant such as Dopram® i.v.; artificial respiration. CONTRAINDICATIONS Glaucoma; obstructive uropathy (for example, bladder neck obstruction due to prostatic hypertrophy); obstructive disease of the gastrointestinal tract (as in achalasia, pyloroduodenal stenosis, etc.); paralytic ileus; intestinal atony of the elderly or debilitated patient; unstable cardiovascular status in acute hemorrhage; severe ulcerative colitis; toxic megacolon complicating ulcerative colitis; myasthenia gravis. Robinul (glycopyrrolate) tablets are contraindicated in those patients with a hypersensitivity to glycopyrrolate.

SIDE EFFECTS Anticholinergics produce certain effects, most of which are extensions of their fundamental pharmacological actions. Adverse reactions to anticholinergics in general may include xerostomia; decreased sweating; urinary hesitancy and retention; blurred vision; tachycardia; palpitations; dilatation of the pupil; cycloplegia; increased ocular tension; loss of taste; headaches; nervousness; mental confusion; drowsiness; weakness; dizziness; insomnia; nausea; vomiting; constipation; bloated feeling; impotence; suppression of lactation; severe allergic reaction or drug idiosyncrasies including anaphylaxis, urticaria and other dermal manifestations. Robinul (glycopyrrolate) is chemically a quaternary ammonium compound; hence, its passage across lipid membranes, such as the blood-brain barrier, is limited in contrast to atropine sulfate and scopolamine hydrobromide. For this reason the occurrence of CNS related side effects is lower, in comparison to their incidence following administration of anticholinergics which are chemically tertiary amines that can cross this barrier readily. DRUG INTERACTIONS There are no known drug interactions.