Prescription Drugs

CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY Mechanism of Action Topical corticosteroids share anti-inflammatory, antipruritic, and vasoconstrictive properties. The mechanism of the antiinflammatory activity of the topical corticosteroids is unclear. However, corticosteroids are thought to act by the induction of phospholipase A2 inhibitory proteins, collectively called lipocortins. It is postulated that these proteins control the biosynthesis of potent mediators of inflammation such as prostaglandins and leukotrienes by inhibiting the release of their common precursor, arachidonic acid. Arachidonic acid is released from membrane phospholipids by phospholipase A2. Pharmacokinetics The extent of percutaneous absorption of topical corticosteroids is determined by many factors, including the vehicle, the integrity of the epidermal barrier, and the use of occlusive dressings. Topical corticosteroids can be absorbed through normal intact skin. Inflammation and/or other disease processes in the skin, occlusive dressings, or widespread application may increase percutaneous absorption and increase the risk of HPA Axis suppression. The vasoconstrictor assay showed that Locoid Lipocream (hydrocortisone butyrate) had a more pronounced skin blanching effect than Locoid Cream, suggesting greater percutaneous absorption from the former. Once absorbed through the skin, topical corticosteroids are handled through pharmacokinetic pathways similar to systemically administered corticosteroids. Corticosteroids are bound to plasma proteins in varying degrees. Corticosteroids are metabolized primarily in the liver and are then excreted by the kidneys. Some of the topical corticosteroids and their metabolites are also excreted into the bile. Clinical Studies Pediatric Atopic Dermatitis In a multicenter, randomized, vehicle-controlled trial of 264 pediatric subjects 3 months to 18 years of age with mild to moderate atopic dermatitis, Locoid Lipocream (hydrocortisone butyrate) or vehicle was applied twice daily for up to four weeks. Treatment success was assessed at day 29 (after 28 days of treatment) and was defined as the proportion of patients who achieved both “clear” or “almost clear” and at least a two grade improvement from baseline on a 5-point Physician's Global Assessment (PGA) scale. Study results are shown in Table 3. TABLE 3 : Efficacy Results at Day 29 in Pediatric Subjects Locoid Lipocream (n=131) Vehicle (n=133) Number (%) successes 82 (63%) 37 (28%)

Find Lowest Prices on Locoid Lipocream (hydrocortisone butyrate) Cream, 0.1% For topical use only DESCRIPTION Locoid Lipocream contains hydrocortisone butyrate, a non-fluorinated hydrocortisone ester [Pregn-4-ene-3, 20-dione, 11, 21-dihydroxy-17- [(1-oxobutyl) oxy (11β)-] for topical dermatologic use. Chemically, hydrocortisone butyrate is C25H36O6. It has the following structural formula: Hydrocortisone butyrate is a white to practically white powder with a molecular weight of 432.56. It is practically insoluble in water, slightly soluble in ether, soluble in methanol, in alcohol, and in acetone, and freely soluble in chloroform. Each gram of Locoid Lipocream (hydrocortisone butyrate) contains 1 mg hydrocortisone butyrate in a hydrophilic base consisting of cetostearyl alcohol, ceteth-20, mineral oil, white petrolatum, citric acid, sodium citrate, propylparaben and butylparaben (preservatives) and water.

INDICATIONS Locoid Lipocream (hydrocortisone butyrate) ® is a topical corticosteroid indicated for: Relief of the inflammatory and pruritic manifestations of corticosteroid-responsive dermatoses in adults. The topical treatment of mild to moderate atopic dermatitis in pediatric patients 3 months to 18 years of age. DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION Locoid Lipocream (hydrocortisone butyrate) is not for oral, ophthalmic, or intravaginal use. Therapy should be discontinued when control is achieved. If no improvement is seen within 2 weeks, reassessment of the diagnosis may be necessary. Before prescribing for more than 2 weeks, any additional benefits of extending treatment to 4 weeks should be weighed against the risk of HPA axis suppression and local adverse events. The safety and efficacy of Locoid Lipocream has not been established beyond 4 weeks of use. Corticosteroid-Responsive Dermatoses in Adults Apply a thin film to the affected skin areas two or three times daily, depending on the severity of the condition. Rub in gently. Atopic Dermatitis in Patients From 3 Month to 18 Years Apply a thin film to the affected skin areas two times daily. Rub in gently. Locoid Lipocream (hydrocortisone butyrate) should not be used with occlusive dressings or applied in the diaper area unless directed by a physician. HOW SUPPLIED Dosage Forms And Strengths Cream, 0.1% (1 mg/g), supplied in tubes of 15g, 45g and 60g. Storage And Handling Locoid Lipocream (hydrocortisone butyrate) Cream, 0.1% is supplied in tubes of 15g (NDC 14290-313-15), 45g (NDC 14290-313-45) and 60g (NDC 14290-313-60). Store at 25°C (77°F); excursions permitted to 15-30°C (59-86°F) [see USP Controlled Room Temperature]. Protect from freezing. Keep out of the reach of children. Manufactured for: Triax Pharmaceuticals, LLC, Cranford NJ 07016. By: Ferndale Laboratories, Inc., Ferndale MI 48220.

OVERDOSE No information provided. CONTRAINDICATIONS None.

SIDE EFFECTS The following adverse reactions are discussed in greater detail in other sections of the labeling: HPA axis suppression. This has been observed in pediatric subjects using Locoid Lipocream [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS and Use in Specific Populations] Concomitant skin infections [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS] Skin irritation [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS] Clinical Trials Experience: Adults The following additional local adverse reactions have been reported infrequently with topical corticosteroids but may occur more frequently with the use of occlusive dressings. These reactions are listed in an approximate decreasing order of occurrence: burning, itching, irritation, drying, folliculitis, hypertrichosis, acneiform eruptions, hypopigmentation, perioral dermatitis, allergic contact dermatitis, maceration of the skin, secondary infection, skin atrophy, striae and miliaria. Clinical Trials Experience: Pediatrics Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in clinical practice. The safety data derived from Locoid Lipocream (hydrocortisone butyrate) clinical trials reflect exposure to Locoid Lipocream twice daily for up to four weeks in separate clinical trials involving pediatric subjects 3 months to 18 years of age with mild to moderate atopic dermatitis. Adverse reactions shown in the tables below include those for which there is some basis to believe there is a causal relationship to Locoid Lipocream (hydrocortisone butyrate) . Table 1 : Frequency of adverse reactions in pediatric subjects with mild to moderate atopic dermatitis Locoid Lipocream (N=131) Vehicle (N=133 ) Application site reactions, including application site folliculitis, irritation, dermatitis, or erythema 1.5% 1.5% Acne 0.8% 0.0% Telangiectasia 0.0% 0.8% Postmarketing Experience The following adverse reactions have been identified during post approval use of Locoid Lipocream (hydrocortisone butyrate) . Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure. Skin: Erythema, Rash and Application site irritation. DRUG INTERACTIONS There are no known drug interactions with Locoid Lipocream (hydrocortisone butyrate) .

WARNINGS Included as part of the PRECAUTIONS section. PRECAUTIONS Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) Axis Suppression Systemic effects of topical corticosteroids may include reversible HPA axis suppression, manifestations of Cushing's syndrome, hyperglycemia, and glucosuria. Studies conducted in pediatric subjects demonstrated reversible HPA axis suppression after use of Locoid Lipocream (hydrocortisone butyrate) . Pediatric patients may be more susceptible than adults to systemic toxicity from equivalent doses of Locoid Lipocream (hydrocortisone butyrate) due to their larger skin surface-to-body-mass ratios [see Use in Specific Populations]. Patients applying a topical corticosteroid to a large surface area or to areas under occlusion should be considered for periodic evaluation of the HPA axis. This may be done by using cosyntropin (ACTH1-24) stimulation testing (CST). If HPA axis suppression is noted, the frequency of application should be reduced or the drug should be withdrawn, or a less potent corticosteroid should be substituted. Signs and symptoms of glucocorticosteroid insufficiency may occur, requiring supplemental systemic corticosteroids. Concomitant Skin Infections If skin infections are present or develop, an appropriate antifungal, antibacterial or antiviral agent should be used. If a favorable response does not occur promptly, use of Locoid Lipocream (hydrocortisone butyrate) should be discontinued until the infection has been adequately controlled. Skin Irritation Locoid Lipocream (hydrocortisone butyrate) may cause local skin adverse reactions [see ADVERSE REACTIONS]. If irritation develops, Locoid Lipocream (hydrocortisone butyrate) should be discontinued and appropriate therapy instituted. Allergic contact dermatitis with corticosteroids is usually diagnosed by observing a failure to heal rather than noticing a clinical exacerbation. Such an observation should be corroborated with appropriate patch testing. Nonclinical Toxicology Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility No studies were conducted to determine the photoco-carcinogenic or dermal carcinogenic potential of Locoid Lipocream. Hydrocortisone butyrate revealed no evidence of mutagenic or clastogenic potential based on the results of two in vitro genotoxicity tests (Ames test and L5178Y/TK+ mouse lymphoma assay) and one in vivo genotoxicity test (mouse micronucleus assay). No evidence of impairment of fertility or effect on mating performance was observed in a fertility and general reproductive performance study conducted in male and female rats at subcutaneous doses up to and including 1.8 mg/kg/day (0.7X MTHD). Mild effects on maternal animals, such as reduced food consumption and a subsequent reduction in body weight gain, were seen at doses ≥ 0.6 mg/kg/day (0.2X MTHD). Use In Specific Populations Pregnancy Pregnancy Category C. There are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Therefore, Locoid Lipocream (hydrocortisone butyrate) should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. Corticosteroids have been shown to be teratogenic in laboratory animals when administered systemically at relatively low dosage levels. Some corticosteroids have been shown to be teratogenic after dermal application in laboratory animals. Note: The animal multiples of human exposure calculations in this label were based on body surface area comparisons for an adult (i.e., mg/m²/day dose comparisons) assuming 100% human percutaneous absorption of a maximum topical human dose (MTHD) for hydrocortisone butyrate cream (25 g). Systemic embryofetal development studies were conducted in rats and rabbits. Subcutaneous doses of 0.6, 1.8 and 5.4 mg/kg/day hydrocortisone butyrate were administered to pregnant female rats during gestation days 6 – 17. In the presence of maternal toxicity, fetal effects noted at 5.4 mg/kg/day (2X MTHD) included an increased incidence of ossification variations and unossified sternebra. No treatment related effects on embryofetal toxicity or teratogenicity were noted at doses of 5.4 mg/kg/day and 1.8 mg/kg/day, respectively (2X MTHD and 0.7X MTHD, respectively). Subcutaneous doses of 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 mg/kg/day hydrocortisone butyrate were administered to pregnant female rabbits during gestation days 7 – 20. An increased incidence of abortion was noted at 0.3 mg/kg/day (0.2X MTHD). In the absence of maternal toxicity, a dose dependent decrease in fetal body weight was noted at doses ≥ 0.1 mg/kg/day (0.1X MTHD). Additional indicators of embyrofetal toxicity (reduction in litter size, decreased number of viable fetuses, increased post-implantation loss) were noted at doses ≥ 0.2 mg/kg/day (0.2X MTHD). Additional fetal effects noted in this study included delayed ossification noted at doses ≥ 0.1 mg/kg/day and an increased incidence of fetal malformations (primarily skeletal malformations) noted at doses ≥ 0.2 mg/kg/day. A dose at which no treatment related effects on embryofetal toxicity or teratogenicity were observed was not established in this study. Additional systemic embryofetal development studies were conducted in rats and mice. Subcutaneous doses of 0.1 and 9 mg/kg/day hydrocortisone butyrate were administered to pregnant female rats during gestation days 9 – 15. In the presence of maternal toxicity, an increase in fetal deaths and fetal resorptions and an increase in the number of ossifications in caudal vertebrae were noted at a dose of 9 mg/kg/day (3X MTHD). No treatment related effects on embryofetal toxicity or teratogenicity were noted at 0.1 mg/kg/day (0.1X MTHD). Subcutaneous doses of 0.2 and 1 mg/kg/day hydrocortisone butyrate were administered to pregnant female mice during gestation days 7 – 13. In the absence of maternal toxicity, an increased number of cervical ribs and one fetus with clubbed legs were noted at a dose of 1 mg/kg/day (0.2X MTHD). No treatment related effects on embryofetal toxicity or teratogenicity were noted at doses of 1 and 0.2 mg/kg/day, respectively (0.2X MTHD and 0.1X MTHD, respectively). No topical embryofetal development studies were conducted with hydrocortisone butyrate cream. However, topical embryofetal development studies were conducted in rats and rabbits with a hydrocortisone butyrate ointment formulation. Topical doses of 1% and 10% hydrocortisone butyrate ointment were administered to pregnant female rats during gestation days 6 – 15 or pregnant female rabbits during gestation days 6 – 18. A dose-dependent increase in fetal resorptions was noted in rabbits (0.2 – 2X MTHD) and fetal resorptions were noted in rats at the 10% hydrocortisone butyrate ointment dose (80X MTHD). No treatment related effects on embyrofetal toxicity were noted at the 1% hydrocortisone butyrate ointment dose in rats (8 MTHD). A dose at which no treatment related effects on embryofetal toxicity were observed in rabbits after topical administration of hydrocortisone butyrate ointment was not established in this study. No treatment related effects on teratogenicity were noted at a dose of 10% hydrocortisone butyrate ointment in rats or rabbits (80X MTHD and 2X MTHD, respectively). A peri- and post-natal development study was conducted in rats. Subcutaneous doses of 0.6, 1.8 and 5.4 mg/kg/day hydrocortisone butyrate were administered to pregnant female rats from gestation day 6 – lactation day 20. In the presence of maternal toxicity, a dose dependent decrease in fetal weight was noted at doses ≥ 1.8 mg/kg/day (0.7X MTHD). No treatment related effects on fetal toxicity were noted at 0.6 mg/kg/day (0.2X MTHD). A delay in sexual maturation was noted at 5.4 mg/kg/day (2X MTHD). No treatment related effects on sexual maturation were noted at 1.8 mg/kg/day. No treatment related effects on behavioral development or subsequent reproductive performance were noted at 5.4 mg/kg/day. Nursing Mothers Systemically administered corticosteroids appear in human milk and could suppress growth, interfere with endogenous corticosteroid production, or cause other untoward effects. It is not known whether topical administration of corticosteroids could result in sufficient systemic absorption to produce detectable quantities in human milk. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk, caution should be exercised when Locoid Lipocream (hydrocortisone butyrate) is administered to a nursing woman. Pediatric Use Safety and efficacy in pediatric patients below 3 months of age have not been established. Because of higher skin surface-to-body-mass ratios, pediatric patients are at a greater risk than adults of HPA axis suppression when they are treated with topical corticosteroids. They are therefore also at a greater risk of glucocorticosteroid insufficiency after withdrawal of treatment and of Cushing's syndrome while on treatment. Eighty-six (86) pediatric subjects (between 5 months and 18 years of age) with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis affecting at least 25% of body surface area (BSA) treated with Locoid Lipocream (hydrocortisone butyrate) three times daily for up to 4 weeks were assessed for HPA axis suppression in two separate studies. The disease severity (moderate to severe atopic dermatitis) and the dosing regimen (three times daily) in these HPA axis studies were different from the subject population (mild to moderate atopic dermatitis) and the dosing regimen (two times daily) for which Locoid Lipocream (hydrocortisone butyrate) is indicated in this population. Five of the 82 evaluable subjects (6.1%) demonstrated evidence of suppression, where the criterion for defining HPA axis suppression was a serum cortisol level of less than or equal to 18 micrograms per deciliter after cosyntropin stimulation. Suppressed subjects ranged in age from 5 months to 16 years and, at the time of enrollment, had 25% to 95% BSA involvement. These subjects did not demonstrate any clinical signs or symptoms despite evidence of HPA axis suppression. At the first follow up visit, approximately one month after the conclusion of treatment, cosyntropin stimulation results of all subjects had returned to normal, with the exception of one subject. This last subject recovered adrenal function by 65 days post-treatment. Cushing's syndrome, linear growth retardation, delayed weight gain, and intracranial hypertension have also been reported in pediatric patients receiving topical corticosteroids. Manifestations of adrenal suppression in pediatric patients include low plasma cortisol levels to an absence of response to ACTH stimulation. Manifestations of intracranial hypertension include bulging fontanelles, headaches, and bilateral papilledema. Geriatric Use Clinical studies of Locoid Lipocream (hydrocortisone butyrate) did not include sufficient numbers of subjects aged 65 and over to determine whether they respond differently from younger subjects.